{"id":10040,"date":"2018-06-04T17:07:46","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T21:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/?p=10040"},"modified":"2020-10-16T13:22:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T17:22:46","slug":"declarations-extrajudiciaires-des-accuses-enregistrees-fiabilite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/declarations-extrajudiciaires-des-accuses-enregistrees-fiabilite\/","title":{"rendered":"Il est souhaitable que les d\u00e9clarations extrajudiciaires des accus\u00e9s soient enregistr\u00e9es afin d\u2019en exposer le contexte et pour assurer leur fiabilit\u00e9 : R. c. J.L., 2018 QCCA 815"},"content":{"rendered":"

R. c. J.L., 2018 QCCA 815<\/a><\/p>\n

* voir aussi C\u00e9sar-Nelson c. R., 2014 QCCA 1129, par. 70<\/a>; B\u00e9rub\u00e9 Pelletier c. R., 2020 QCCA 667, par. 31 <\/a><\/p>\n

L\u2019absence d\u2019enregistrement alors que les accus\u00e9s sont interrog\u00e9s en salle d\u2019interrogatoire, le manque de fiabilit\u00e9 de la retranscription des propos et le caract\u00e8re incomplet des notes qui prive le tribunal du contexte des d\u00e9clarations sont tous des \u00e9l\u00e9ments importants \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard<\/h2>\n

[22]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00c0 mon avis, le minist\u00e8re public ne peut, lors de la mise en preuve de la d\u00e9claration extrajudiciaire d\u2019un accus\u00e9, se contenter de produire uniquement des extraits choisis pour leur coh\u00e9rence avec sa culpabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

[23]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 La Cour a d\u00e9j\u00e0 eu l\u2019occasion de souligner qu\u2019il est souhaitable que les d\u00e9clarations extrajudiciaires des accus\u00e9s soient enregistr\u00e9es afin d\u2019en exposer le contexte et pour assurer leur fiabilit\u00e9. L\u2019omission de le faire ne les rend toutefois pas inadmissibles, mais le minist\u00e8re public doit alors \u00e9tablir les circonstances garantissant que leur contenu est fiable et probant.<\/p>\n

[24]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, \u00e0 l\u2019exception des admissions relatives au caract\u00e8re libre et volontaire des d\u00e9clarations, au respect des droits constitutionnels de l\u2019intim\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la relecture et \u00e0 la signature par lui du document pr\u00e9par\u00e9 par le policier, la preuve ne r\u00e9v\u00e8le rien de plus sur les circonstances de leur obtention ou sur le contexte des r\u00e9ponses rapport\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

[25]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 De plus, contrairement \u00e0 ce que pr\u00e9tend l\u2019appelante, l\u2019admission ou l\u2019absence de contestation du caract\u00e8re libre et volontaire ne permet pas d\u2019inf\u00e9rer le caract\u00e8re probant d\u2019une d\u00e9claration extrajudiciaire d\u2019un accus\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n

The trial judge has a discretion to accept the waiver and dispense with the holding of a voir dire<\/em>. If the trial judge accepts the waiver, the statement is admissible without a voir dire<\/em>. In these circumstances, the waiver is not a acknowledgment of its evidential value, but is merely an acknowledgment of its voluntariness.[9]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

[26]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Dans l\u2019arr\u00eat C\u00e9sar-Nelson<\/em>[10]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, le juge Rochon reprend avec approbation les propos de la juge Conrad de la Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Alberta qui, \u00e9crivant pour la majorit\u00e9 dans R. c. Ferris<\/em>, souligne\u00a0:<\/p>\n

[29]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 McClung, J.A. suggests that because there was no deliberate editing or bad faith, it should be admissible if it is voluntary. I disagree. It is not the good faith of the police that is in issue but the meaning of the words. He further suggests that the accused could have clarified the meaning of the words by testifying or by calling his father to testify. This is not the accused\u2019s onus. It is the onus of the Crown to adduce words capable of meaning before the defence has anything to meet. An inference cannot be used to make words an admission when the evidence clearly indicates the words were an incomplete statement and therefore meaning<\/u> could not be ascertained. The Crown must make a prima facie case for admission. An inference cannot be used to fill in holes in the evidence. [\u2026][11]<\/a><\/p>\n

[Je souligne]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

[27]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Le juge Rochon ajoute, au paragraphe 82 du m\u00eame arr\u00eat, que \u00ab\u00a0[\u2026] l\u2019absence d\u2019enregistrement alors que les accus\u00e9s sont interrog\u00e9s en salle d\u2019interrogatoire, le manque de fiabilit\u00e9 de la retranscription des propos et le caract\u00e8re incomplet des notes qui prive le tribunal du contexte des d\u00e9clarations sont tous des \u00e9l\u00e9ments importants \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard\u00a0\u00bb[12]<\/a>. J\u2019ajoute que de telles lacunes sont susceptibles d\u2019avoir un effet significatif sur la fiabilit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux d\u00e9clarations extrajudiciaires qui en souffrent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R. c. J.L., 2018 QCCA 815 * voir aussi C\u00e9sar-Nelson c. R., 2014 QCCA 1129, par. 70; B\u00e9rub\u00e9 Pelletier c. R., 2020 QCCA 667, par. 31 L\u2019absence d\u2019enregistrement alors que les accus\u00e9s sont interrog\u00e9s en salle d\u2019interrogatoire, le manque de fiabilit\u00e9 de la retranscription des propos et le caract\u00e8re incomplet des notes qui prive le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[4362,4370,4363,4371,4364,4372,4365,4373,1810,4366,4374,4359,4367,4375,4360,4368,4376,4361,4369,4377],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10040"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10040\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10040"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=10040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}