{"id":9513,"date":"2018-04-24T22:22:58","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T02:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/?p=9513"},"modified":"2018-04-24T22:22:58","modified_gmt":"2018-04-25T02:22:58","slug":"presomption-identite-delais-explications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.doyonavocats.ca\/en\/presomption-identite-delais-explications\/","title":{"rendered":"Les explications donn\u00e9es par les policiers permettent \u00e0 la poursuite de se pr\u00e9valoir de la pr\u00e9somption d’identit\u00e9."},"content":{"rendered":"

R. c. Lanthier, 2018 QCCQ 1425<\/a><\/p>\n

Chaque \u00e9chantillon d\u2019haleine a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u00e8s qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mat\u00e9riellement possible de le faire apr\u00e8s le moment o\u00f9 l\u2019infraction aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 commise?<\/h3>\n

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[5]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Dans la d\u00e9cision Simard c. R<\/em>.[4]<\/a>, l\u2019honorable juge Alexandre Boucher r\u00e9sume l\u2019\u00e9tat du droit sur la notion de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e8s qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mat\u00e9riellement possible de le faire\u00a0\u00bb pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l\u2019article\u00a0258(1)<\/a>c)ii) du Code criminel<\/a><\/em>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

[18] L\u2019al. 258 (1)<\/a> c) du Code criminel<\/a> pr\u00e9voit une pr\u00e9somption pour faciliter la t\u00e2che de la poursuite \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Si la poursuite \u00e9tablit les faits \u00e9nonc\u00e9s aux sous-al. (ii) \u00e0 (iv) de cette disposition, dont le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement des \u00e9chantillons d\u2019haleine d\u00e8s que mat\u00e9riellement possible selon le sous-al. (ii), les r\u00e9sultats des analyses sont tenus comme d\u00e9montrant l\u2019alcool\u00e9mie de l\u2019accus\u00e9 tant au moment des analyses qu\u2019au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise, ceci \u00e0 moins que l\u2019accus\u00e9 ne pr\u00e9sente une preuve, avec certaines restrictions, soulevant un doute raisonnable sur le bon fonctionnement ou l\u2019utilisation correcte de l\u2019alcootest (R. c. St-Onge Lamoureux, 2012 CSC 57 (CanLII)<\/a>, [2012] 3 RCS 187; R. c. Gibson, 2008 CSC 16 (CanLII)<\/a>, [2008] 1 RCS 397; R. c. Boucher, 2005 CSC 72 (CanLII)<\/a>, [2005] 3 RCS 499; R. c. St. Pierre, 1995 CanLII 135 (CSC)<\/a>, [1995] 1 RCS 791).<\/p>\n

[20] Bien \u00e9videmment, le fardeau d\u2019\u00e9tablir les pr\u00e9requis \u00e0 l\u2019application de la pr\u00e9somption, mentionn\u00e9s aux sous-al. 258 (1)<\/a> c) (ii) \u00e0 (iv), incombe \u00e0 la poursuite (R. c. Burwell, 2015 SKCA 37 (CanLII)<\/a>, par. 93; R. c. O\u2019Meara, 2012 ONCA 420 (CanLII)<\/a>, par. 28; R. c. Vanderbruggen (2006), 2006 CanLII 9039 (ON CA)<\/a>, 206 CCC (3d) 489 (CAO), par. 8 \u00e0 17; R. c. Maroussis, 2016 QCCS 209 (CanLII)<\/a>, par. 29 et 30).<\/p>\n

[21] [\u2026] En effet, dans ce contexte, l\u2019enjeu n\u2019est pas l\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 en preuve des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019alcootest, mais plut\u00f4t les effets de ceux-ci. Il n\u2019est pas non plus question de d\u00e9terminer si les \u00e9chantillons d\u2019haleine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenus en vertu d\u2019un ordre valide au sens du par. 254 (3) du Code et des droits garantis par la Charte, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire un ordre qui est notamment fond\u00e9 sur des \u00ab motifs raisonnables de croire \u00bb.<\/p>\n

[22] L\u2019arr\u00eat ontarien Vanderbruggen, pr\u00e9cit\u00e9, aux par. 12 et 13, expose, dans les termes suivants, le droit relatif \u00e0 l\u2019exigence de la prise d\u2019\u00e9chantillons d\u2019haleine d\u00e8s que mat\u00e9riellement possible:<\/p>\n

[12]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 That leaves the question that is at the heart of this appeal\u2014the meaning of as soon as practicable.\u00a0 <\/i>Decisions of this and other courts indicate that the phrase means nothing more than that the tests were taken within a reasonably prompt time under the circumstances. (\u2026) There is no requirement that the tests be taken as soon as possible. The touchstone for determining whether the tests were taken as soon as practicable is whether the police acted reasonably.\u00a0 (\u2026)<\/i><\/p>\n

[13]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 In deciding whether the tests were taken as soon as practicable, the trial judge should look at the whole chain of events bearing in mind that the Criminal Code<\/a> permits an outside limit of two hours from the time of the offence to the taking of the first test.\u00a0\u00a0 The \u201cas soon as practicable\u201d requirement must be applied with reason.\u00a0 In particular, while the Crown is obligated to demonstrate that\u2014in all the circumstances\u2014the breath samples were taken within a reasonably prompt time, there is no requirement that the Crown provide a detailed explanation of what occurred during every minute that the accused is in custody. <\/i>(\u2026)\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0 [Citations omises]<\/i><\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 La notion de \u00ab\u00a0<\/i>d\u00e8s qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mat\u00e9riellement possible de le faire\u00a0\u00bb doit \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e en consid\u00e9rant l\u2019ensemble de la preuve et pour ce faire, le Tribunal doit \u00e9valuer si les policiers ont agi de mani\u00e8re raisonnable. En effet, contrairement \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9cisions de jurisprudence consult\u00e9es, la pr\u00e9sente affaire ne concerne pas un \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9lai inexpliqu\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les policiers ont expliqu\u00e9 l\u2019ensemble de leurs interventions. Aux fins d\u2019analyse, le Tribunal consid\u00e8re les d\u00e9lais suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9lais<\/h4>\n